Plan Evaluation for Design Program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plan Evaluation for Design Program - Assignment Example The information gathered will both be subjective and quantitative in nature. Likewise so as to survey whether the educators have comprehended the 5E’s method of learning the instructors will be analyzed both as the workshops proceed, and toward the finish of the arrangement of workshops. The 5E’s method of learning takes into account better learning and comprehension of logical ideas in science subjects by understudies (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000). Foundation of the Project The program is another method of training that is progressively viable when contrasted with the customary method of learning. The conventional method of learning science subjects has been the utilization of reading material by instructors to convey logical ideas to understudies and afterward testing to survey whether the ideas have been caught by the understudies (Irvin, Buehl, and Radcliffe, 2006). This method of learning empowers retaining of realities as opposed to getting them. It is the refore that the new 5E’s method of learning has been presented. This method of learning includes a five stage arrangement of realizing where understudies are Engaged in the principal phase of learning, the following stage is Exploration trailed by Explanation, Elaboration and Evaluation. At the commitment stage, an occasion, question or item is utilized to draw in the understudies as an association is made between what they know and what they can do. At the investigation stage, marvels and articles are investigated and hands on exercises are completed with direction. At the clarification stage understudies are permitted to clarify their comprehension of procedures and ideas as new abilities and ideas are acquainted with fro better understanding. At the elaboration stage understudies at that point take part in exercises that empower them to apply ideas and expand on their ability and comprehension. In the last phase of assessment understudies take part in exercises that permit them to survey their aptitudes and information and educators evaluate the exercise viability and understudy advancement. The objectives of this venture are to empower instructors of science courses in center school, give understudies a learning experience that is better than the customary methodology of educating (Lambros, 2004). The other objective is to build up the capabilities and abilities of the understudies and educators by tending to any learning inadequacies of the course books. The instructors will likewise be grown expertly through exploration based best practice. The destinations of this undertaking then again include: To outfit the instructors with peer-perceived skill in the educating calling. Besides, to furnish the educators with aptitudes and information that will empower them partake effectively in continued learning through their dynamic interest in the workshops (5E’s learning model). Thirdly, to enable the understudies to have the option to dissect the l ogical information introduced in the course readings. Fourthly, to empower understudies take part effectively in learning by gathering, sorting out, investigating, deciphering and introducing subjective and quantitative information and consolidating this data into the more extensive setting of the logical information (Copeland, 2005). The task will include two educators that will be accountable for the workshops which will show the center teachers everything there is to think about the 5E’s model of instructing. The program will likewise include twenty five educators from center

Character of Prospero in Shakespeares The Tempest :: Tempest essays

Whirlwind Character Analysisâ â â â â â â William Shakespeare's last play The Tempest is a tale about Prospero (the legitimate duke of Milan). He is deceived by his sibling Antonio and left on a boat with his little girl Miranda to bite the dust. Just things are not working out as expected and Prospero and Miranda show up on an island. Prospero is looking for his vengeance. Returning from a wedding in Africa a boat containing Prosperos foes is assaulted by the storm and dissipates its travelers about the island. Prospero displays three significant character attributes: forcefulness, defense and absolution. Prospero is an amazing individual and utilizing his spell books he can evoke some strong enchantment. Potentially the most remarkable thing he controls is Ariel (a soul). A case of this is when Prospero says Hast thou, soul, Preformed to point, the whirlwind I bade thee.(718) Ariel had the ability to make an extraordinary ocean tempest and Prospero had the ability to control Ariel which gave him incredible force. Another motivation behind why Prospero is ground-breaking is a result of his insight into Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculos plot to murder the ruler. So when Prospero recovers his place in Milan again he'll have some forceful extortion simply incase he needs any favors or they attempt anything inept. Along these lines they'll reconsider before conflicting with Prospero. Particularly thinking about that Miranda will become sovereign. These are the reasons why Prospero is amazing. Prospero is defensive of the individuals who are near him particularly Miranda. All through The Tempest Prospero gradually ensures Ferdinands and Mirandas love wont faid rapidly. Prospero even considered Ferdinand a backstabber just to make Miranda appear to be more enthusiastically to get. Along these lines the couple wouldn't turn into an act of futility. When Prospero says They are both in either's forces. In any case, this quick business I should uncomfortable make in case too light winning make the prize light (726) he is uncovering his actual arrangement to Ariel that he needs to make Miranda harder to get. This is on the grounds that Prospero feels their adoration will be more grounded on the off chance that it is more earnestly to acquire. Prospero is additionally defensive when he says the most grounded pledges are straw to th' fire I' th' blood(764) this was said to Ferdinand after Prospero makes him vow not to engage in sexual relations with Miranda before they are hitched . He is staggered to see that after his guarantee Ferdinand is messing with Miranda.

Selection

Selection I cant believe it. Its been a whole year. An entire year. Theyre selecting Early Action applicants. Yes, on a Saturday. These folks are amazing. I hung around the Infinite today and caught Ben and Matt as they were leaving for the day :-) They both looked kind of tired, but as you can tell Matts got his characteristic tie for selection period! I figured Id better get out of there once I had my picture so they could go home and think about anything but applications. :-) My application period for MIT was probably the most anxious period of my life. Everyones probably telling you not to worry, to think about other things, to just trust that it will all work out yeah, right! I know youre going to be thinking about nothing but MIT for a while. Hang in there and feel free to weigh in with comments. Ill have a couple more entries (gosh, Im overdue) in the next few days with some photos and such. Try to get some rest, everyone :) [or just me] Selection Quick update: Right now, the committee room (room 10-100, converted for the purpose) is very quiet, but in 2 hours it will be abuzz: selection of the Class of 2009 begins today at 1:00pm Eastern Standard Time. Ive even worn a tie (*gasp*) for the occasion! Im excited but also nervous, knowing that we can only take fewer than 400 people during Early Action. I assure you well treat your application with the utmost skill and understanding, and will make the most fair decision that we can. More updates as selection progresses

I Agree With Aarvik s Comment - 1642 Words

1. I agree with Aarvik’s comment. This quote (I had used this previously in my reflection letter but I think it is appropriate to use it again) spoken by Albert Einstein reinforces Aarvik’s argument and my point of view. â€Å"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.† Those who do nothing are no better, if not worse, than those who commit the crimes. Like Aarvik stated, it is our lack of sympathy, concern, and emotion, otherwise known as indifference, which makes us the evildoers as well. Our indifference hardens our hearts to the suffering of others. In the past, a UN general Romeo Dallaire condemned the United States, the French, and the British for their indifference concerning the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi people. A more relatable situation would be the issue of bullying. We often focus on the bullies, but what about those who stand around and watch rather than taking the initiative to aid a nother person? 2. Everyone has a different story to tell. The relationship between our experiences and our identities is that everything we have willingly (and unwillingly) experienced has shaped us into who we are. Our identities are the results of choices made in the past. Some examples in works we have read in the past are Jean Valjean, Javert, and almost all of the characters in Les Miserables. Spending the majority of their lives in the galleys fundamentally shaped who they became later on: Javert who allowed for no

A Philosophy Statement On Child Care - 944 Words

A philosophy Statement In this program our child care providers have a hands-on interaction with the children. They guide our early learners through child directed play. The child care staff provides different learning opportunities by supplying an array of activities based on the children’s interests. This program will allow the children an opportunity to become leaders in their learning, by exploring and discovering their play environment on their own, with peers and through guidance from the staff. Although we have many open-ended play opportunities, we will have a few structured activities for the children to participate in. We find it important to keep some structure within the daily schedule as this will allow the children the†¦show more content†¦When learning becomes fun the teachers find it less challenging for trying to keep the child engaged in the activity at hand. The job of the educator working with a play-based curriculum is to facilitate play, to draw out and extend wh at children learn through play (Play Based Programmes, 2015). Children have a variety of play spaces available that mimic their regular world around them, each space can be intertwined with another centre such as combining the truck centre with the block centre, or adding in some zoo animals to the area. The play based approach can be used by children of all abilities, it allows children to play independently or as a small group, and allows the children the opportunity to bring their home life into their play. Parent Involvement For the children’s learning to be successful, parent involvement is critical. An orientation will occur prior to the children attending. Parents will be updated with the day care policies, the lay out of the day care, the expectations and the introduction of their child care provider. This is done to allow both the parent and child care provider to get to know each other and allows them both the opportunity to discuss the care the child will need. It is very important for communication between the parent and the day care staff to be consistent. Parent involvement can provide feedback to the parent in regards to what the children are learning daily. This helps with their child’s assessment of the program toShow MoreRelatedDesigning an Early Childhood Program1156 Words   |  5 PagesProgram When designing an early childhood program, the first step would be to assess the need in your community. You need to determine what is missing in your community and then offer a solution. The next step would be to develop your program philosophy. This will let people know how you plan on addressing the need and what values you will be instilling in the children you serve. The last step in establishing a program in your community is to decide the type of program or curriculum that willRead MoreInterview of Supervisor at School Age Care Center Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesI visited in a School Age Care Center to take an interview with the supervisor of the school age care center to get the answer to my previous assignment’s (grade K-3) question, now I am providing all her answer related to my questions following in my writing. The questions are: 1. What is your philosophy for running your school age care center? Answer: Our policy /philosophy is an inclusive setting for running this school age care center. 2. How do you and your other educators deal withRead MoreComprehensive Proposal for the Development of an Early Childhood Education Program1194 Words   |  5 PagesAdministration of Early Childhood Education Programs April 22, 2013 Community Caregivers Child Care Center 4567 Untrue Lane Opelousas, La. 70570 337-012-3456 Hours of Operation: Monday- Friday 6:00 A.M – 7:00 P.M Providing quality child care for children ages birth-5 years old. Community Caregivers Child Care provides the community with quality child care that fits the schedule of any working parent. Children are served breakfast, lunch, and morning and afternoonRead MoreWhat Values From Traditional And Progressive Philosophies Complement Each Other868 Words   |  4 Pagesidentifiable philosophies that answer these questions: Traditional, Progressive, Existential and Critical Theory. However, they are often taken to the absolute and extreme. 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Commercial mission statements often include the following information: purpose and aim(s)Read MoreHow Is Communication Important For Children And Community Engagement As It Has Been Discussed? Class So Far?1392 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication. I thrive on communication being key. As I continue to point out there can be serious problems when there is a break in communication. By keeping the lines of communication open, your parents and director can stay informed. For my philosophy it is important because I need to be effective when teaching my student so that they learn what I am trying to teach them. It seems simple but many time students are lost because they don’t understand the teacher and what the teacher want from themRead MoreDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice1675 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to accreditation guidelines. Therefore, NAEYC issued a formal statement defining DAP. DAP is â€Å"based on the accumulation of data and facts of what children are like† (Gestwicki, 2011). Addtionally, DAP is centered around tree basic factors: 1. What we know about how children grow and develop, 2. What we know about the child as an individual, and 3. What we know about the social and cultural environments in which the child lives. In other words, DAP is a framework for teaching children basedRead MoreWelcome At Poppy s Place1665 Words   |  7 Pagesfor you to feel like you belong in a new organization, much like the new families that come here. So take a big breath, relax and enjoy the experience, because we really are a family here. We all enjoy helping each other. Philosophy At Poppy’s Place we are influence by the philosophy of the EYLF. (The Early Years Framework for Australia, 2009). We welcome families from all cultures and provide a safe and nurturing environment for play based learning. This Cultural competence induction kit, outlinesRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching Philosophy Statement I have always wanted to become a teacher. From playing school with my little sisters, to volunteering a summer camps and elementary schools, there is not better feeling, to me, than to know that I have helped someone to accomplish a goal and develop better as a person. I think that there is no better way to impact the lives of other people than to become a teacher. As a teacher, not only will be able to affect the lives of these students from dayRead More My Philosophy Statement Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy Statement In this philosophy statement you will not be reading the statement of a great philosophical mind, but of an education student who loves to work with kids and who tries to have the students best interest in mind. comparing and contrasting my views with the views of many of the philosophical giants throughout history I will discuss five topics: 1.) the nature of students, 2.) the nature of knowledge, 3.) the purpose of public education, 4.) the method of education,

Linux Case Study Free Essays

Users can download it or free while proprietary software, like Microsoft, charges the user a fee to use. Linux is considered the largest collaborative project in history. 2) Should Microsoft consider Linux a threat? Why or why not? Yes, Microsoft should consider Linux a threat. We will write a custom essay sample on Linux Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though Microsoft continues to innovate, Linux has the power of worldwide programmers behind it. Businesses and governments are quickly switching to Linux for many reasons and if this trend continues, Microsoft could be left behind. ) How is open source software a potential trend shaping organizations? More and more, organizations are competing on a global scale. They need agile systems to keep up with ever changing business needs. Open source software is considered reliable, scalable and is extremely secure. It provides companies with an agile system that helps them respond to quickly changing customer needs and offers a competitive edge. The code is continuously improving and as issues arise, they are corrected quickly. 4) How can you use Linux as an emerging technology to gain a competitive advantage? Many companies today are slow to utilize new technology due to cost or adversity to change. Just as consumer products undergo continuous improvement, so must business systems. It’s easy for a competitor to gain a competitive advantage if a company doesn’t upgrade systems and keep current. My employer is a company that is slow to change technology. They do extended due diligence to the point of beating a dead horse. By the time they decide to implement, new technology comes along and the process starts all over again. It’s 2012 and they have FINALLY decided to implement ERP. A team was comprised and they are slowly working on how to best implement it. By the time it’s actually up and running, something else will probably be â€Å"state of the art†. 5) Research the Internet and discover potential ways that open source software might revolutionize business in the future. As businesses and governments become more transparent and accountable, open source software allows them almost total control over every day operations (www. Reveres. Com). How to cite Linux Case Study, Free Case study samples

Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation Health Sociology

Question: Describe about the Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation for Health Sociology? Answer: Step 1: Name of the topic This is a written reflective report that deals with some health related topic of Australia. The topic here is dealt that, how the multidisciplinary teams can be able to contribute for ensuring greater equity of health care in Australia through the process of employing the Primary healthcare policy. Step 2: Sociological imagination template: Sociological imagination is defined by Germov (2014) as a quality of mind that helps to understand most of the intimate realities that is connected with the realities of large social perspective. Quality of mind refers to the link between the troubles in private level that is related with the issues of public. Sociological imagination helps to look upon the people those are facing same issues as one person. Private problems often have been created by the public issues and can be removed by rendering a collective action among the society. Sociological imagination helps to gather a sociological perspective of a given area (Anmf.org.au, 2015). However, the central tendency of the health practitioner within Australia is the culture, ethnicity, dignity, culture and beliefs of people in order to receive care. Sociological imagination therefore consists of four interconnected area. This can be called as sociological template. These factors are as follows: Historical factors: This factor tells the process of influence of past over the present situation. In this case, I have understood that, there were lacks of health equity in Australia. Health equity can be described as the differences among the served quality of healthcare within different organization. The experiences from the past society of Australia have been helped to derive the necessity of primary healthcare among Australian healthcare system. Cultural factors: This implies the impacts of culture upon the lives of people within the society. Primary healthcare consists of different values, aspirations and principles those will help in the process of providing comprehensive healthcare at a primary level across Australia. Primary healthcare system is a valuable composition for the healthcare system of any country rather Australia. Primary healthcare system can be able to maintain the dignity, equality and value of the people. Critical factors: This factor tells that by which procedure people can be able to improve the social environment of the society. Therefore, a set of principles can be helpful for providing proper primary healthcare to the people of the society. On the other hand it can be stated that, globalization has happened within the society. Globalization has helped to mix the cultures of all aspects of the world. Globalization has helped to focus upon the global health crisis. At the time of viral disease, every country needs to take action in order to prevent the disease. Extensive level of mass media coverage is necessary for this purpose. Structural factors: This tells how various types of particular forms of social organization affect the lives of people among the society. Large number of quality team that is multidisciplinary can improve the condition of health within this society. By the effect of globalization several healthcare teams from different cultural and geographical background can take effective actions for the purpose of serving people of countries. Step 3: Reflection of the topic: Here I have found lots of resources those have helped me in order to understand the topic. I have found a model of primary healthcare that is very relevant and important in order to understand my topic. Model of primary healthcare are usually sustained by integrated and functional coordination as well as system of referral. I have understood that collaboration between the healths professional is very much necessary and important for providing effective primary healthcare. I have understood by those resources or materials that an effective team of active researcher, educators, and policy makers of clinical practice will be able to improve the practice of primary healthcare for the entire community. As stated by Thomas (2012) this team can be able to maintain their knowledge and practice that will benefit the community as well as society at a large level. I have understood from this learning that, proper skill development process is also very necessary in order t maintain the same effective team with new members. Extensive level of knowledge and skill development will be helpful for effective building of a team. This team will also make sure about removing the health inequalities among the people of the society. I also argue that. Apart from maintaining the health of community, the health of those professional of a team should also needs to be maintained. I have also understood that, inequalities in health often been found within various types of socio economic groups, geographical groups, ethnic groups and genders. Rich segment of the society always stay healthy as they have the resources those can be invested for their health. On the other hand, various geographical locations also impacts upon the health of those persons. However, health inequalities should not be presented in the large sector of society. Maintaining own health is one of the fundamental rights of human being. Therefore, I have also understood by studying some materials that society should provide opportunities equally for every people of different class or background. People are the only intelligent animal of society. I can state that directly and indirectly people of the society can improve the condition of the society that will be helpful for removing social inequalities among the people of the society. All the resources should be properly distributed to the people. A balance should be there in order to promote health equalities to all the people of the society. Therefore, all people should protect the fundamental right of saving the health. Step 4: Reflecting my views upon the chosen topic: In order to reflect this theme some definitions need to be properly explained. Multidisciplinary team in healthcare consists of various specialized person with special skills and knowledge from various types of medical backgrounds. Multidisciplinary team focuses upon both the psychological and physical needs of the particular person. Multidisciplinary team of different healthcare organization seeks to provide best practice to the users of healthcare. This team can be able to provide person centered approach to the users. Therefore, this team has an intention to provide care as per the psychological and clinical needs of the particular patient. Therefore, as per my opinion, a multidisciplinary team can be involved in the primary healthcare in order to reduce the health inequalities among the people of the community as well as society. Now I describe the concept of health equality within Australian sector. Moreover, Australia enjoys good health but that is not shared equally by all region of Australia. Different populations of Australia have to suffer different rate of diseases, death, life expectancy, health behaviors etc. Therefore, the rate of inequalities of Australia is associated with different system of education, income, occupation, status of employment, ethnicity as well as gender. Within the perspective of Australia, many people who are generally refugees are often victimized by health inequalities. Australian health system lacks from cultural competency. Various types of cultural barriers, language barriers as well as low literacy of health impact upon health service of Australia. I have also found from some materials of study that, mental illness is a common phenomenon among the people of Australia. Migrant and refugee population of Australia often suffer from mental illness. People often do not get the chance to access all the resources of healthcare due to the huge sources of barriers. However, I have understood that Functionalism theory can be applicable for this purpose of healthcare. Functionalism approach of Sociology states that, user uses the structure of society at the time of his/her crisis or necessity. Structure of the society refers to the institutions of society, like financial, healthcare etc. On the other hand, the institution also takes some elements from the user, in form of money and other benefit. The example is as we pay taxes for the healthcare and the healthcare department of government provides benefit and service to the people of the society. The users and the institution have a functional approach among them. In order to deal with healthcare issues, the functionalism approach can be very effective for understanding. By this functionalism approach, the authority can become dominant. On the other hand, postmodernism theory has helped to discuss the individuality of a human. Every human being is consisted with different culture, value and dignity. Therefore, the person centered approach can be taken by the healthcare system for understanding the individual demand and need of the people. Now I am describing the concept of primary healthcare as well as principles and policies of primary healthcare that is one of the major and important issues of this topic. As discussed by Calhoun (2012) I am describing the facts of policy and funding strategy of primary healthcare etc. In current situation, Australia has offered a unique opportunity of health reformation. There are several leading nursing and midwifery organizations those support the adoption of various types of policies of primary health policies. I have found that policies of primary healthcare have been adopted as the counter piece of health policy. I here describe the definition of primary healthcare. On the other hand Dillon et al. (2012) defines the concept of primary healthcare as the essential healthcare that is made for all access of the people throughout the world. Full participation of the people is very necessary and important in order to provide primary healthcare to all the people of the world. Primary healthcare can be helpful for the development of society as well as economy of the community. Primary healthcare is also defined by Falk (2012) as a holistic approach that incorporates all status of mind, body, land, environment, socio economic status, custom etc. I have come to the conclusion about the concept of primary healthcare that it is the cultural construct that often includes integrated as well as essential care that is based upon the scientifically and practically as well as socially applicable procedures for the people of the society. Primary healthcare requires intimate and profound knowledge of the concern community as well as health problems of the particula r community. Therefore, I have understood this particular purpose that traditionally Australia has emphasized on the purpose of primary care than primary health care. The model of primary care is followed by the Australian healthcare community. However, various organizations of nursing and midwifery support extensive practice of primary healthcare. The broad sense of placing health within the cultural, social political as well as environmental context refers to the primary healthcare of several organizations. Nurses and midwives provides effective healthcare with proper care, treatment, rehabilitation, prevention strategies and assessment care. Therefore, various principles and practices of primary healthcare should be aimed for the neediest group of the society. These principles should include a wide range of appropriate as well as essential activities. These principles should be acceptable and accessible to everyone among the society. It should be affordable for all the persons of society. These principles should contribute to the self determination and self reliance of communities of society. Principles should be integrated in various parts of health program and other development sectors of society. Therefore, practice of primary health care involves curative care, health promotion, prevention and control of some disease including AIDS and similar types of diseases. Therefore, I have analyzed that the purpose as well as objective of primary healthcare policy seeks to empower the community as well as individual consumers of health. This can hold important activities within the society in order to improve the condition of healthcare within the community as well as society. Nurses and midwives are very important in order to deliver the role of primary healthcare within the organization. I have come to this conclusion that, primary health care workers are educated and knowledgeable. Effective skill and development process needs to be done by the people. Therefore I have analyzed that the multidisciplinary teams can be able to contribute for ensuring greater equity of health care in Australia through the process of employing the Primary healthcare policy. Step 5: Explaining the graduate attributes: In order to analyze this particular area of my study I have achieved the graduate attribute 1 or GA1 has been developed by me as I have started thinking about the diversified people of the society. Human beings are the most valuable element on this earth. The cultural and sociological aspect has made different human. Human beings are the most important social animal. Every human being should be included in the healthcare in order to get the most relevant and effective care at the time of crisis. I have understood the necessity as well as importance of person centered approach in order to serve every individuals of the society. Person centered approach is a very important aspect that refers to the understanding of every individual by their needs, demands and valued. Dignity and value of every human being are being ensured by this person centered approach. Reference list Anmf.org.au,. (2015). Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation. Retrieved 15 March 2015, from https://anmf.org.au/ Creighton, G., Oliffe, J. (2010). Theorising masculinities and mens health: A brief history with a view to practice. Health Sociology Review, 19(4), 409-418. doi:10.5172/hesr.2010.19.4.409 Ltd, S. (2015). Public Health Association. Pha.org.nz. Retrieved 15 March 2015, from https://www.pha.org.nz/ Saggers, S., Gray, D. (2001). Theorising Indigenous health: a political economy of health and substance misuse. Health Sociology Review, 10(2), 21-32. doi:10.5172/hesr.2001.10.2.21 Thomas, C. (2012). Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology?. Social Theory Health, 10(3), 209-228. doi:10.1057/sth.2012.7 Who.int,. (2015). WHO | World Health Organization. Retrieved 15 March 2015, from https://www.who.int/ Germov, J, 2014. Imagining health problems as social issues. Calhoun, C. (2012). Contemporary sociological theory. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Dillon, H., McDonald, S., Jonus, I. (2012). Steamplicity: An innovative meal system that delivers. Healthcare Management Forum, 25(3), S20-S28. doi:10.1016/j.hcmf.2012.07.010 Falk, G. (2012). Assassination, anarchy, and terrorism. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. Khan, K. (2012). State of Sharing Clinical Information in a Healthcare System in the Gulf. International Journal Of Reliable And Quality E-Healthcare, 1(3), 27-42. doi:10.4018/ijrqeh.2012070104 Marn, M. (2012). Product liability system in healthcare. Bulletin: Economics, Organisation And Informatics In Healthcare, 28(2). doi:10.2478/v10221-011-0029-9

Right to Counsel

The legal understanding of such a notion as the right to counsel has been shaped by several important cases. This paper is aimed at discussing the case Strickland v. Washington which implies that a citizen should be entitled to effective assistance of counsel (Dimitrakopoulos, 2007, p. 184).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Counsel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several questions that are related to this court decision. First, one should show how a defendant can prove that the assistance of a counsel was inefficient or unreasonable. Secondly, it is important to find out what a judge should do if he/she believes that the attorney does not adequately represent the rights of the client. These are the main issues that should be examined more closely. Overall, according to this court decision, a defendant may expect an attorney to defend his/her interests in an efficient and reasonable way. Moreove r, the deficiencies of an attorney must not deprive a person of the right to fair trial (Dimitrakopoulos, 2007, p. 184). Under such circumstance, a defendant must prove that the performance of the attorney did not meet the standards that are set for legal professionals (Levenson, Manheim, Dougherty, Gold, 2012, p. 167). More importantly, it is critical to demonstrate that the decision of the court might have been different provided that the attorney had coped with his/her duties effectively. These are the main implications of this case. To a great extent, this case represents the latest stages in the historical development of the right to counsel. This court decision was passed in 1984, and it helped to elaborate the understanding of the Sixth Amendment which guarantees the right to counsel. To a great extent, it lays stress on the competence and accountability of attorneys for the way in which they can defend the interests. In the past, the courts did not have to reverse their ver dicts due to the inadequate assistance of legal counsels. This is why the importance of this decision should not be overlooked by clients or lawyers. On the whole, the right to counsel can be attached to every critical stage of the criminal procedure. For instance, one should speak about preliminary hearing, initial appearance, trial, or sentencing (Emanuel, 2009, p. 154). Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the client did not exercise his right for self-representation.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead, he chose to rely on the services of a defense attorney. The main role of this professional was to ensure the adequate representation of the clients’ rights. For example, he had to present the evidence that could exonerate the client or mitigate his guilt. These are the main aspects that one can single out. The peculiarities of this case were also discussed with a local attorney who was interviewed specifically for this assignment. In particular, he responded to the questions which were identified in the introduction. First of all, he said that the ineffective performance could take several forms. For example, an attorney may fail to present a critical piece of evidence that could defend the interests of a client. Nevertheless, it is important that in many cases, there are no clear-cut criteria according to which the performance of a counsel can be evaluated. This argument is particularly relevant to the situations when one has to determine whether a defense strategy chosen by the attorney was efficient or not. Under such circumstances, one should keep in mind that even a professional attorney cannot always attain a successful outcome. Secondly, the attorney said that a judge has several duties. In particular, he may inquire whether a counsel has a possible conflict of interests since it can prevent him from protecting the interests of a defe ndant in the court. However, a judge is not obliged to question the defense strategies chosen by a counsel. Certainly, he/she may accept the defendant’s demand to substitute a counsel. Yet, a judge should not question the competence of an attorney. These responses have been helpful for understanding the right to counsel. Overall, these examples indicate that the role of counsel is critical for ensuring that an individual receives a fair trial. The case, which has been chosen for this paper, illustrates the idea that a client can set certain expectations for the performance of an attorney. Reference List Dimitrakopoulos, I. (2007). Individual Rights and Liberties Under the U.S.  Constitution: The Case Law of the U.S. Supreme Court. New York, NY: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Emanuel, S. (2009). Criminal Procedure. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers OnlineAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Right to Counsel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pag e Learn More Levenson, L., Manheim, K., Dougherty, J., Gold, V. (2012). The Journalist’s Guide  to American Law. New York, NY: Routledge. This essay on Right to Counsel was written and submitted by user Saanvi I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Lack of Attention and Affection

Many children in the United States have the same problem as Jimmy. Parents always working late, never have enough money, always on edge. The parents in America are so stressed out by the time they get home from their job, they are yelling and screaming, or too tired to even notice the children. Parents are so worried about their daily duties they forget to ask the simple questions. For example, how was your day today? Or, what did you learn today? In my opinion these are some of the most valuable factors in a kids life. Just giving a child that couple minutes, it really shows you care. Morally you should be there for your child at all times never putting anything first. These are some of the complaints I have received from a child in my office. His name is Jimmy. Jimmy has been sent to the office many times and hasn’t learned yet. Today he is in my office with more than just a problem in school. Jimmy is suffering from lack of attention and lack of affection. Me as the guidanc e counselor can only help to a certain extent. The issues that are in my hands will be handled. Regarding actions away from school I can’t control them first hand, but I can try to influence his choices. First I would like to help him out by letting him know that he is not alone, and that I am on his side. I am not against him in any since. I feel Jimmy is just lacking a little attention and needs some help to keep his spare time occupied. I want to first see where Jimmy is coming from what is the situation at home. I want to ask him what his family life is like and hear first hand from him what life is like for him. After getting to know Jimmy I have found that his family life is rough and too much for one child to handle. He is at home juggling his mother’s emotions, taking care of younger siblings, and trying to fit in at school. This is all too much for him to handle and he has never been set a moral example of how to cope with all of his emotions. The o... Free Essays on Lack of Attention and Affection Free Essays on Lack of Attention and Affection Many children in the United States have the same problem as Jimmy. Parents always working late, never have enough money, always on edge. The parents in America are so stressed out by the time they get home from their job, they are yelling and screaming, or too tired to even notice the children. Parents are so worried about their daily duties they forget to ask the simple questions. For example, how was your day today? Or, what did you learn today? In my opinion these are some of the most valuable factors in a kids life. Just giving a child that couple minutes, it really shows you care. Morally you should be there for your child at all times never putting anything first. These are some of the complaints I have received from a child in my office. His name is Jimmy. Jimmy has been sent to the office many times and hasn’t learned yet. Today he is in my office with more than just a problem in school. Jimmy is suffering from lack of attention and lack of affection. Me as the guidanc e counselor can only help to a certain extent. The issues that are in my hands will be handled. Regarding actions away from school I can’t control them first hand, but I can try to influence his choices. First I would like to help him out by letting him know that he is not alone, and that I am on his side. I am not against him in any since. I feel Jimmy is just lacking a little attention and needs some help to keep his spare time occupied. I want to first see where Jimmy is coming from what is the situation at home. I want to ask him what his family life is like and hear first hand from him what life is like for him. After getting to know Jimmy I have found that his family life is rough and too much for one child to handle. He is at home juggling his mother’s emotions, taking care of younger siblings, and trying to fit in at school. This is all too much for him to handle and he has never been set a moral example of how to cope with all of his emotions. The o...

Future Factors associated with Combined Operations Essay

Future Factors associated with Combined Operations - Essay Example The efficiency of a combined arms operations is partially, if not entirely, dependent on the present and futuristic power of weaponry. This is a significant influence of the choice of methods that we implement in crushing the enemy. The ideal purpose of combined operations is to bring the joint groups together through a huge focused explosion of quick operations in selective segments. The nature of the hierarchy of the command and control over an opponent assist in creating conducive conditions to war success. It is of profound importance to give priority to the development and methodology of command systems and control due to it being the most feasible way of raising combat power and efficiency. "Improving preparation and training standards for command and control agencies on the operational level involves the resolution of a number of other complex problems arising from the command and control target per se, the diversity and dynamics of its internal and external connections, the continual structural development of the Armed Forces, the composition and functions of certain sub-systems, the substantial changes in the nature and methods of combat, the evolution of new means of warfare, a considerable expansion in the sphere of information warfare, and the need for close interaction with the formations of other military, law enforcement, security, and intelligence structures (Thefreelibrary, 2005)". Definition of capability objectives The authoritative guidelines are formed using these objectives resulting is a top-down approach. The emphasis then lies on those capabilities of a 3C that enable war combating and support missions. Strategy, Mission, Function and C3 are the four levels of capability levels. These objectives are derived from linking policy and military strategy, military requirements, forces and doctrine, and threat together for a common goal. Maintenance of standard with operations strategy concepts, mirroring of operational priorities and the weighing of overall performance can be done using this approach. The primary advantage of implementing system compatibility is to simplify the essential elements of communications. "There are schematics published that have implemented recommendations for C3 systems that could be procured. They produce implementation plans for a survivable, cost-effective capability that reflects the U.S. and allied missions and functions required to perform combined operations (Maurer, 1994)." In the uncertain environment of coalition operations, the information flow might be more confusing and difficult to winnow because of lack of familiarity and trust, cultural biases, and language barriers (Maurer 1994).

647 W2A Project Selection Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

647 W2A Project Selection Risk - Essay Example From the perspectives of members of the board and the executive management team, the NLMS would enable and facilitate an increase in student population and enrollment. Through access to various sources of academic information and links that would be programmed in the GU’s official website, more visitors are expected to be enticed to apply to the universities varied programs and services. In every project, there are potential risks and bottlenecks that are inevitable; yet manageable. As defined, a â€Å"risk involves a source or cause (e.g., some possible event), a mechanism by which the risk source could impact the objectives of the organization, and some level and type of potentially adverse consequences† (Lee Merkhoff Consulting, 2014, p. 1). For the NLMS, the following are identified as potential risks and bottlenecks, specifically in areas which could affect or influence the achievement of the project objectives: From the table of potential risks, the degree and severity of occurrence were appropriately identified. As shown, there were risks that were classified in seriousness from low to medium; while likelihood is classified from low, medium to high. Cost overrun could occur in the implementation stage, especially during the transition stage and while orienting potential users of the NLMS. Likewise, depending on the results of the performance monitoring and evaluation stage, any significant corrections or revisions that are needed would entail additional costs for GU. Thus, the risk of deviating from schedule would be high. Corrections for actual plans is perceived to be medium in seriousness; meaning, all relevant points were already foreseen and incorporated during the planning stage. As such, the likelihood for adverse corrections is low. Moreover, resistance from stakeholders is seen to be low since they

Criminology Essays Crime and Power

Criminology Essays Crime and Power Criminology Crimes of the powerful. Q. Why has the analysis of crimes of the powerful been such a growth area in criminology over the past century? It is tempting to give a simple or even simplistic answer to the above question: it is tempting to say that analysis and theory of crimes of the powerful have grown so quickly in the last century because the quantity and diversity of such crimes have themselves exploded outwards. As the number of crimes committed by the powerful have risen exponentially across the years and continents, so the police forces, crime-prevention agencies and legislators of the governments charged with halting these crimes have had to evolve into larger and more complex organizations also. For instance, amongst myriad forms of organized crime that developed in the twentieth century, one pertinent recent example is the efflorescence of high-tech and internet crime, where professional and international gangs manipulate technology to extort or steal large sums of money from the public. High-tech crime is of course a recent phenomenon; it did not exist at the turn of the last century. Therefore analysis of suc h activities by law agencies has grown to respond to this new threat; moreover, the analysis and prevention of such crimes has had to grow in sophistication and size just as the crimes themselves have done. Organized crime be it narcotic trafficking, prostitution rings, corporate crimes and so on has become a massive international business, and it has required larger agencies equipped with better criminal theory and technology and international cooperation between agencies to deal with it. Moreover, the clear lapse between the professionalism and techniques of many criminal organizations and the law agencies that pursue them will require these agencies to catch-up to the advances of these criminals in the next decades. And, of course, this catch-up will depend heavily upon advances in criminal theory and analysis. Crimes of the powerful are not exclusively concerned with illegal activities of the above description, but also with crimes committed by corporations, by governments, by dictators and even, in an interesting new perspective, by patriarchal gender structures that sanction crimes of power against women. The attention of law agencies and legislators upon these crimes has led to a mass of new analysis and theory by criminologists on the nature of such crimes. Likewise, several theories compete to describe the causes of organized crime and crimes of the powerful. One such theory points to social change as the most profound catalyst in the spread of organized crime and the detection of organized crime. This theory assimilates the teachings of sociology, psychology, anthropology and history to produce a detailed sociological critique of these causes. In the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, many acts committed by the powerful that would today be classified as criminal were then merely pse udo-illegal or socially disapproved of; they carried no specific criminal offence. But social and legislative advances have made the prosecution of crimes of the powerful easier enact. out. For instance, the prosecution of corporate crime is, theoretically at least, far easier to identify and prosecute than it was in the early twentieth century. Moreover, greater media exposure of the life of corporations and governments has magnified their crimes whenever they are committed. A moment of this essay might be given to discuss exactly what is meant by the phrase crimes of the powerful. Indeed, a person unfamiliar with the literature of criminology might be forgiven for regarding the term as somewhat amorphous and nebulous: he might argue that nearly any criminal phenomenon could be termed a crime of the powerful. The dictionary defines a crime as an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare. An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin; esp. of grave character (Oxford, 1989). It is difficult to see how the word power could not be inserted into any part of this definition and for it still to make sense. There is therefore in the pure black letter interpretation of the law a huge shaded area that allows for misinterpretation of the term crime of power. Can, for instance, a crime of the powerful be a physical act? Or must it the top levels of an organization? Moreover, the use of the word crime is itself ambiguous. The trafficking of drugs or children is clearly illegal and criminal according to the principles of law; but we also speak of corporate crimes against the public withholding medicines from the dying, adulterating foods etc., as crimes even though they have no explicit recognition as such in law. There is then a near infinite possible extension of the word crime when one uses the word in the sense of something that ought to be illegal rather than something that is presently illegal. In Smiths words: If a crime is to be understood simply as law violation, then no matter how immoral, reprehensible, damaging or dangerous an act is, it is not a crime unless it is made such by the authorities of the state. There is moreover often the paradoxical situation where a government that commits crimes of power against its people can only be legally recognized as doing such if it passes legislation against itself. That is: their This is obviously extremely unlikely to happen and so many such crimes go unnoticed. It is often directly against the interests of certain groups or interests to recognize the existence of certain crimes because then have to recognize theory legal existence also. Recently however, one growth of criminal analysis of the powerful has come from greater international laws that allow for the international legal recognition of crimes committed by dictators or despots when they would never do this themselves. For instance, Saddam Hussein is near universally thought to have committed crimes of power against his people; such things were never legally recognized as crimes as such until a body such as the United Nations had the international authority to declare the illegal action s of heads of states. Sociologists and psychologists amongst other groups (Chesterton, 1997) have argued that the moral, sociological and psychological aspects of crimes of the powerful should be recognized by criminologists to a far greater extent. By using approaches such as these criminologists can add the activities of environmental pollution, insider trading, and tax evasion to the public consciousness of what constitute crimes of the powerful. In Sellins (2003) words if the study of crime is to attain an objective and scientific status, it should not allow itself to be restricted to the terms and boundaries of enquiry established by legislators and politicians . According to scholars authors like Chesterton and Dupont the intense interest in by criminologists in the analysis and prevention of crimes of the powerful is due to the massive growth and myriad new forms of these crimes. Perhaps the most powerful criminals whose crimes are explicitly illegal are international drug trafficking organizations. In 2004, according to Smith (Smith, 2004) Â £550 billion of cocaine and other illegal substances were transported illegally internationally. This trade is therefore lager than the GDP of many African and other third-world countries. Faced with this massive business and with its catastrophic social consequences traditional law agencies and their democratic legislators have had to radically alter the way they investigate and prosecute these crimes. The extreme complexity and ingenuity of international drug cartels have meant that governments have had to build equally complex systems of criminological analysis and technique to limit these crimes. Complex intelligence agencies like the MI5 and MI6 in England and the CIA and FBI in the United States now have innumerable specialist intelligence groups of scientists, field-officers and so on investigating the criminal nature and consequences of organized crime such as drug trafficking, the shipping of illegal weapons and so on. Perhaps the only organizations on earth with greater power than the above organized crime syndicates are the international corporations of Western countries like Britain, America and so on. Many critics of these organizations (Chomsky, 2003) allege that the secret crimes of these corporations exceed even those of the drug barons. For instance, everyone will be familiar with the recent scandals of Enron, Anderson and Paramalat where billions of pounds were swindled by these massive companies. This white-collar crime was half a century ago hardly investigated and such crimes went essentially unnoticed. But greater public consciousness of the activities of these companies through the media has theoretically at least imposed a greater accountability and potential punishment for companies who exploit either their shareholders or their customers. This increased interest in corporate crime has led in turn to the need for a vast number of criminologists to produce theories to explain the cau ses of such crimes and then strategies for their prevention. A further consequence of the media revolution of the past century and the changed social assumptions of our society has meant that the crimes of governments as crimes of power are now open to far greater than public and professional scrutiny and analysis than they ever have been before. Twenty-four hour television and instant access to news stories and the daily events of our political life have meant that the public can therefore criticise the crimes of their governments with greater ease than before. For instance, the vociferous protests in 2003 by citizens of Western democracies against the invasion of Iraq were due to the belief of those citizens that their governments had acted illegally and criminally in invading that country. Traditionally, such crimes do not fall into the sphere of criminology because of the numerous problems identified in the definition paragraph of this essay. However, criminologists, at least theoretically, and urged by famous opponents of the war like Noa m Chomsky and Michael Moore, are coming to analyze and investigate the issues and theoretical difficulties of holding entire governments to account for committing crimes of power. Many of the principles used by criminologists to analyze the techniques and structures of organized crime yndicates are being suggested to be transferred to an analysis of the crimes of government. The analysis of government crime may prove to be one of the most fruitful of the coming decades for criminologists. In this essay then, the term crimes of the powerful refers to such crimes as are carried out by organized criminal gangs (either national or international), by corporations, by governments, by powerful individuals such as corrupt magnates, businessmen and so on. Such crimes might include: corporate fraud, corporate mal-practise, illegal narcotics or arms; high-tech crimes such as computer fraud. It is necessary for the student of criminology to know something of the state criminal affairs at the end of the 19th century if he is to find a clear answer for the growth of analysis of crimes of the powerful in the twentieth century. One strong reason why analysis of such crimes was less in say 1900 was that many organized crimes did not exist at all. For instance, the use of narcotics like opium and heroin were widespread amongst all levels of society but legal also; the trade of these drugs were controlled by legally registered companies and there existed no illegal market for their production or importation. Accordingly, since these acts were no understood as crimes, British police did not need to analyse the behaviour or causes of these. Moreover, the size of the police force as well as its technical and theoretical know-how were far smaller than they are today in Britain, America, France and so on. Similarly, whilst many companies exploited the Victorian workforce, none did s o in the systematic and pre-determined fashion that is characteristic of Anderson, Enron or Parmalat in the past ten years. Other crimes of the powerful like high-tech computer fraud obviously required no analysis or theory of criminology since they did not exist at all. Similarly, The In James Smiths (Smith, 1999, p44) memorable phrase At the dawn of the twenty-first century the Western world faces a plethora of organised criminality of the like that it has never known before. From the mass trafficking of illegal narcotics, to whole-scale prostitution, to high-tech computer fraud, to corporate offences on a giant scale, the police forces and criminal prevention agencies of the new century will meet challenges as they have never glimpsed in the past. And, a little further on, They will no longer compete against petty or isolated crimes of individuals, but against the sophisticated and organized attempts to make vast fortunes by systematically breaking the law. In this contest between law officer and criminal former is now far behind; it remains to be seen whether he will catch-up in the near decades (Smith, 1999, p44). Another area of rapid growth in crimes of the powerful has been the feminist critique of domestic violence committed against women by dominant males. Feminists of the last few decades have argued cogently that the term crimes of the powerful should include also these domestic abuses because of the patriarchal structures within our society that promote such abuses. The explosion of such feminist critiques flows from the fact that before this century there was no feminism as such, and domestic abuse was either not considered a crime or it was publicly invisible or ignored. The changing social philosophies such as liberalism and attitudes of the twentieth century gave birth to a greater consciousness for women and therefore greater demands for them for social and legal equality. This, in the 1960s and 1970s, leading feminists like Germane Greer campaigned for recognition of the domination of women by societal institutions and conventions that are massively weighted in favour of men. Fem inists scholars and theorists argue that the vast majority of these structures and the crimes they inflict upon women are unreported; marital rape is the most frequent abuse, and nearly 80% of women in this predicament are abused repeatedly (Painter, 1991). A whole host of crimes commited by men supported by social institutions go unreported and unprosecuted. Some feminists therefore describe a fundamental imbalance in the power structures of Western society, and that agencies and organizations should be set up to combat and prevent this crime. In S. Griffins words: Men in our culture are taught and encouraged to rape women as the symbolic expression of male power (Griffin, 1971) and Brownmiller says eloquently that rapists are the shock troops of patriarchy, necessary for male domination. Some men may not rape, but only because their power over women is already secured by the rapists who have done their work for them (Brownmiller, 1976). This feminine critique therefore demands a c onsiderable extension of the definition of the term crimes of the powerful to include all those thousands of incidents of unseen violence issued from an entire gender that has power over another. In this sense, arguably feminists have uncovered the crime of the powerful of all. According to feminists, the truths of this oppression has been recognised partially by criminological theorists by the tides of social legislation that have been passed in recent years to protect women from domestic violence. Nonetheless, say that criminologists yet lack a complete or detailed analytical theory of such violence; this itself being reflected by the dominance in criminology of males. In the final analysis, the growth of the analysis of crimes of the powerful may be attributed principally to the growth of the number and types of such crimes and the subsequent need to investigate and prevent them. Some crimes of the powerful such as drug trafficking are nearly entirely new to our age, and criminologists have had to develop wholly new theories and techniques to combat it. On the other hand, entirely new academic critiques like those of feminism, sociology and psychology have identified and produced theories to describe invisible crimes of power against groups who before the last century had to suffer in silence. Criminologists too have had to swallow these theories and then learn methods and techniques to apply them to our modern world. Similarly, the rise of mass media and the extension of democratic institutions have enabled citizens with far better information about the behaviour of their corporations and governments; this awareness has in turn led to a conscious ness of the similarity of nature between illegal crimes like drug-smuggling and corporate crimes like deliberately withholding medicines from the sick or the invasion of a foreign country. These new fields of investigation have given the criminologist much to think about. The student of criminology should not forget either that the subject he studies had itself evolved over the last century to become a highly professional and international and therefore capable of greater levels and specializations in analysis than it could ever have been before. BIBLIOGRAPHY Academic Books, Journals Articles Brownmiller, S (1976). Against our Will: Men, Women and Rape. James Press, London. Chesterton, B. (1997). Criminology and Social Science. Blackthorn, Edinburgh. Dupont, D. (2000). Foucault against Foucault: Rereading the Governmentality Papers, Theoretical Criminology, No. 3, May 2000, (with). Foucault, Governmentality, Marx. (1998). Journal of Social and Legal Studies, 7:4, December 1998 (with S. Tombs). Hazards, Law and Class, Social and Legal Studies, Vol. 6, No.1, March 1997. Painter, K. (1991)Rape, Marriage and the Law. Bold Books, Exeter. Shover, N. (2001). Capitalist Business Organizations in White Collar Crime. Oxford Press, Oxford. Smith, J. (1999). Criminology for the Twenty-First Century: A Readers Guide.. Devillier Press, New Jersey. Snider, L. (1995). Corporate Crime: Contemporary Debates. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Snider, L. (1992). Crimes of the Powerful special issue of The Journal of Human Justice, Vol. 3, No.2, Spring. Steve Tombs and Dave Whyte (Editors). (2003) Unmasking the Crimes of the Powerful: Scrutinizing States and Corporations. Peter Lang, New York Summer, C. (ed) (2003). Blackwell Companion to Criminology. Oxford, Blackwell. The Oxford English Dictionary. (1989) (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. Valverde, M. (1996). Conflict, Contradiction and Governance, special issue of Economy and Society, Vol. 25, No.3, (Autumn). West, G Morris, R (eds.) (2000). Regulating Toxic Capitalism in The Case for Penal Abolition. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto Woodiwiss, M. (1993). Global Crime Connections. Macmillan, London.

Are the consequences of global warming worse for Africa than for the Arctic?

The consequences of global warming on Africa are worse than on the Arctic. Africa is already among the poorest continents in the world. Out of 55 countries, two-thirds of these countries are among the poorest 50 countries in 2007. Many African countries already have outstanding debt which needs to be cleared so that the countries can come out of poverty. Africa’s average income per capita was $0.72. Also, 34% of the population aged 15-24 is illiterate. This shows that further drawbacks due to the impacts from global warming would be critical.As scarcity increases, the dependence on poor quality sources also increases. This leads to increased water-borne diseases such as cholera. Consequently, this puts increased pressure on health care systems which then decrease government budgets. Global warming affects Africa worse because Africa is a continent which desperately needs money to clear debt and for development.The impact of global warming on Africa is more physical and human. Africa contains about 20% of all known species of plants, mammals and birds, as well as 17% of amphibians and reptiles. There is much more at risk compared to the effects of global warming on the Arctic. As global warming increases, fragile habitats may not survive and between 20-50% of species in Africa could face extinction.On the other hand, the impacts of global warming on the Arctic are much less serious. For example, due to global warming, ice caps melt and the ice bergs impose a potential threat to the ships that cross the Atlantic and Pacific ocean. When comparing this to a potential impact in Africa such as the increased risk to flooding which now occurs in areas that were previously not at risk, the effects are much more severe.When analysing the positive and negative impacts on both regions, it is clear that Africa has very few positive impacts from global warming. In the Arctic, reduced ice cover can lead to discovery of new sites for resources such as oil. This can bene fit the region economically, providing jobs and  income. There will be new areas for trees to grow which could decrease carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Also, new industries can move in and new shipping routes may be available.Moreover, the population of Africa is 1.033 billion (2011) compared to the population of 4 million in the Arctic. The impacts of global warming would be far greater widespread in Africa, effecting many of them as they are vulnerable due to existing poverty. One negative impact on Arctic is that it will alter the lifestyle of the native people. Although this is bad, it is insignificant compared to the effects on Africa.Also, the impact of global warming on the Arctic could be felt all over the world as sea levels would rise causing flooding. I believe that this is still out-weighed by the impacts on Africa as one of the few ways in which African countries can reduce their debt burden is through the production of cash crops (the crops sold for income r ather than to supply themselves with food). As a result, forest clearance has taken place in order to allow commercial farming.Impacts of global warming such as drought in Africa would expose soil to erosion by wind. This will put increased pressure on existing land to grow crops which is likely to cause desertification. Famine and malnutrition is likely to increase, placing Africa’s food security under threat. African farmers are trapped into poverty because they are dependent on successful crop harvests. Crops can be heavily influenced by the impacts from global warming. Therefore, people cannot feed themselves or make money and will be trapped in poverty as they cannot reduce the effects of climate change themselves.In conclusion, the future of Africa is heavily dependent on climate change. They do not have the wealth to use adaptation policies to reduce the impact of global warming such as protection against flooding and coastal erosion. The Arctic region itself will have negative impacts but there will also be positive impacts which make the situation less serious.

Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc.

Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Inhoud Introduction. 3 Analysis. 3 The Market. 3 Competitors. 4 Customer behaviour. 4 Marketing Mix 4ps. 5 Product. 5 Place. 5 Price. 5 Promotion. 5 Recommendation. 6 Target Market. 6 Product Line and Positioning. 6 Marketing. 6 Advertisements and Promotion. 6 Pricing. 7 Introduction The history of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is very complex, but all started when Jean Jacob Schweppe invented the world’s very first carbonated mineral water in 1783.A young pharmacist, Charles Alderton from Waco, Texas made Dr Pepper in 1885. It was only sold in the pharmacy where Alderton worked. In 1970 in the New York -region health food store owners invented a new apple soda, Snapple. The Unadulterated Food Corporation owned Snapple and later it becomes Snapple Beverage Corp. Within the years companies were growing and ownerships have been changed and Dr Pepper Snapple Grou p Inc. has formed from different beverage companies. Today Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is one of the most known and largest non-alcoholic beverage producers in the U.S. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is in both the flavoured carbonated and the non-carbonated soft drink businesses. The most known brands are Dr Pepper, 7UP, A&W and Canada Dry. In 2007 Dr Pepper Snapple had an 18, 8 % share of the U. S. carbonated soft drink market segment. Dr Pepper Snapple was the only big non-alcoholic beverage company without its own energy drink in 2008. Basically Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. was struggling with a problem whether it should produce its own energy beverage or not.The main issue was would the launch of a new energy beverage be profitable and a wise investment for the future? Moreover, how can the new energy drink compete with other huge brands? There are several difficulties and elements to evaluate before entering the energy beverage market, such as the market itself, competitors, co nsumer behaviour and marketing. Analysis The Market The energy beverage market is one of the fastest growing and most innovative segments of the current beverage market. Red Bull, Monster Energy, Rockstar and hundreds of similar positioned brands had estimated sales of 6. billion dollars in 2006. From 2001 till 2006 the annual growth rate of the energy beverage market was 42. 5%. However, analysts are now projecting an average annual growth rate of 10. 5% from 2007 till 2010. This, we conclude, is due to market maturity, increased price and increased competition. In addition, one should also note that consumers in this market only choose up to 1. 4 different brands, which tells us the market is very loyal to existing brands. If a brand can build and maintain a sufficient customer base, they will benefit from loyal recurring buyers.The difficult part however is getting these loyal customers. Due to the above mentioned conditions, we find it a viable statement to describe the energy b everage market as profitable but tough. The market can be segmented through three main attributes; demographic, geographic and psychographic. As for demographic, the most profitable customers are male between the age of 12 and 34. However, we can’t say anything towards the income level, race and ethnicity of the consumers due to lack of information. We further believe that energy beverages are mostly onsumed in urban and suburban areas. If we in turn look at regions, we can state that the main consumption of energy beverages takes place along the west and east coast of the US. Psychographic segmentation shows us that the main parts of the market, the greatest consumers of energy beverages, are gamers, students and athletes. These groups of people look for an energy boost, to improve mental alertness, as refreshment and for the taste. Competitors The main competitor in the energy beverage market is Red Bull.The brand was introduced in 1997 and was the pioneer of its time. Red Bull has a high brand awareness due to its massive advertising efforts. For example: Red Bull Stratos  was a  space diving  project involving  Austrian  skydiver  Felix Baumgartner. Baumgartner broke the  sound barrier  on his descent,  thus becoming the first human to do so without any form of engine power. Eight million people viewed the Red Bull Stratos project live and hundreds of millions of people heard about it via every kind of media creating a massive publicity flow towards Red Bull.Currently Red Bull is the market leader, however, due to high prices and the increased competition Red Bull is losing market share and sales. Hansen Natural Corporation (HNC) is another strong competitor. They produce and manufacture a wide variety of non-alcoholic beverages in the U. S. However they are known for their energy drink: Monster, which we see as one of the most promising new energy drink brands. Recently HNC have benefited from distribution agreements. For example: Anheuser-Busch wholesalers distributed the brand to retailers in different territories in the US in 2007.They also distribute to on-premise retailers. This includes bars, nightclubs and restaurants in territories selected by Hansen Natural Cooperation. Furthermore, Monster Energy focuses on a specific age group. They focus on gamers, Extreme Sports enthusiasts and the hip-hip crowd. This enables them a huge market, mostly with the gaming community. The last prominent competitor is Rockstar Inc. Rockstar was introduced in 2001 and is distributed by the Coca-Cola Company. Rockstar, alike Monster, focuses its efforts on the gaming and extreme sports community.As of 2008 Rockstar holds a 14% market share in the US and thus, it must be considered to be a competitor. Customer behaviour The heavy user of energy beverages can be described as male between the ages of 12 and 34. According to statistics, the average American would consume about 4. 32 litre of energy drink a month. The beverag es are primarily consumed in the late afternoon and early in the morning. Most frequently, consumption takes place at home, in the car and at work/school. We can also state that convenience stores and supermarkets are the most dominant off-premises retail channel for energy beverages.The major reasons for the use of energy beverages are the need of an energy boost, for improving mental alertness, as refreshment and for taste. As previously stated, customers are loyal towards their brand though we still believe people will be willing to try a new product if it seems interesting and appealing enough. If the potential buyer is then satisfied with the product, through for example interesting brand, product fits their needs, is user-friendly and easy to access, loyal customers can be attained. Marketing Mix – The 4Ps ProductThe product is an energy drink which tastes good and gives a boost and refreshment to its users. The main ingredients which give the boost and taste are caffei ne, guarana and taurine. Probably stevia could be used as a sweetener; because it differs from competitors sweeteners. The product should be suitable for men who are 12-34 years old. The package should be convenient, for example a bottle with a screw cap since no other brand has such packaging. Also the size of the package is very important, since the 8. 3-ounze is the most popular but 16-ounze size represents 50 % sales in convenience stores.Place Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. bottling and distribution system supplies both off-premise and on- premise retailers, but off-premise retailers are more potential and efficient to the new energy beverage. Off-premise retailers contain massive part of the whole energy beverage sales. Price 2, 00$ per single-serve package is the normal retail price in the energy beverage industry regardless of package size. Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential.Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does, but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can still reach potential customers. Recommendation Target Market When Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. decides to introduce a new energy beverage on the market we recommend them to focus on male consumers between the age of 12 and 34. These consumers are, according to the statistics, the most profitable. They consume about 4. 32 litres of energy drink a month.The main consumers in this target market would be gamers, students and athletes. Furthermore, we recommend that Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. should focus on consumers that consume their energy beverage at home. We believe it is now very difficult to get a stronghold in on-premises as they are very loyal towards Red Bull and Monster energy drinks and therefore advise to focus on off-premises for selling the energy beverage. Product Line and Po sitioning When it comes down to the product line of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. nergy beverages, we recommend they should firstly offer one flavour of energy beverage. This flavour can come both in a regular and sugar-free version. Furthermore, we recommend they should introduce a single-serve aluminium bottle shape with a resealable screw cap. By introducing this bottle we believe Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. can diversify from its competitors as they all have aluminium cans that upon opening can’t be closed. Furthermore, these bottles should be offered as a single serve to the consumers and with a 8-ounce content.We recommend that the brand should firstly get a stronghold onto the energy beverage market before offering multipacks and maybe even bigger sized bottles to its consumers. This also includes for introducing different kinds of energy beverages. These can be introduced onto the market when they have a build a strong and loyal brand. The current brands offer its con sumers â€Å"Energy† and â€Å"Mental Alertness† as benefits for drinking their energy beverages. As a competitive advantage Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. could offer an increased amount of caffeine, herbs and B vitamins per 8-ounce servings.Marketing Advertisements and Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, an introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential. Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can reach the potential customers. We recommend the use of social media like Facebook and Twitter. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. has a free way to communicate with their potential consumers via social media.They have the opportunity to start contest and create a loyal group of followers. Furthermore, we recommend Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. to sponsor events to gain higher bran d recognition. Moreover, the bottle is an interesting way of getting the attention by having contest if they buy the bottle they can win tickets to a certain event which they could sponsor. Pricing When it comes down to pricing we recommend to be in the $2. 00 range. This price is offered by most of its competitors and is a price consumers are willing to pay for an energy beverage.However, we also think there is a possibility to have discounts or: â€Å"buy three bottles get one free† pricing to get the attention of the consumer. We also recommend tosee if an agreement can be made with large retailers such as Walmart to offer value packs at lower prices, this of course when the brand is settled in the market. In the end we believe that if Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. follows these recommendations here above they have will have an energy beverage that can compete in the current energy beverage market and be one of the main competitors due to its diversified product- and price offering.References Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 2 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 3 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2. [ 4 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2.

The Importance Of Inclusion In Education - 1530 Words

In education, the word inclusion means students with and without disabilities are taught in the same classroom setting. Many sources such as speech physical therapy, or assistive technology are provided in the classroom so the student or students are not pulled out of the classroom. (Murawski, n.d.)Some may say it is distracting to the other students or seem unfair that they are getting special attention. However, being in an inclusion class is beneficial to both students with disabilities and to students without disabilities. The purpose of inclusion is to make a comfortable school setting. Inclusion brings two separate groups together as one. Most of the time music, art, and physical education are were inclusion primarily takes place,†¦show more content†¦Another benefit is general education students learn to support others. General education students become more familiar with other student’s disabilities (â€Å"Rationale for Benefits of Inclusion, 2004). When students support other students the classroom atmosphere changes, it becomes very communal. As the school year progresses students can then help their special needs classmates and not seem them as someone with a disability. A third benefit of being in an inclusion classroom is students learn to accept differences. Can help the regular education students understand individual differences, the need for others, and begin to understand and deal with disability in their own lives (Salend, 2001). Integrated special needs students with general education show students that differences are part of everyone’s world. Finally, another benefit for students that do not have disabilities is they gain in positive academic benefits. General education students can develop skills necessary for their adult lives. Some skills that students can gain include leadership, help teach others, and tutoring. Students can step into the role of a teacher to help assist classmates with disabilities. 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However, there is still a lack of inclusion for special needs students in general classroom settings. My interest in this topic stems from my major in EC-6, Special Education. My goal is to work with students with special needs. It is important to integrate students with disabilities in classrooms with students without disabilities. This early introduction of differences among students willRead MoreInclusion For Special Needs Students Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom. However, there is still a lack of inclusion for special needs students in general classroom settings. My interest in this topic stems from my major in EC-6, Special Education. My goal is to work with students with special needs. It is important to integrate students with disabilities in classrooms with students without disabilities. By allowing students with disabilities to have access to a general education will enable them to obtain an equal education that is catered to their level of understanding