Criminology Essays Crime and Power

Criminology Essays Crime and Power Criminology Crimes of the powerful. Q. Why has the analysis of crimes of the powerful been such a growth area in criminology over the past century? It is tempting to give a simple or even simplistic answer to the above question: it is tempting to say that analysis and theory of crimes of the powerful have grown so quickly in the last century because the quantity and diversity of such crimes have themselves exploded outwards. As the number of crimes committed by the powerful have risen exponentially across the years and continents, so the police forces, crime-prevention agencies and legislators of the governments charged with halting these crimes have had to evolve into larger and more complex organizations also. For instance, amongst myriad forms of organized crime that developed in the twentieth century, one pertinent recent example is the efflorescence of high-tech and internet crime, where professional and international gangs manipulate technology to extort or steal large sums of money from the public. High-tech crime is of course a recent phenomenon; it did not exist at the turn of the last century. Therefore analysis of suc h activities by law agencies has grown to respond to this new threat; moreover, the analysis and prevention of such crimes has had to grow in sophistication and size just as the crimes themselves have done. Organized crime be it narcotic trafficking, prostitution rings, corporate crimes and so on has become a massive international business, and it has required larger agencies equipped with better criminal theory and technology and international cooperation between agencies to deal with it. Moreover, the clear lapse between the professionalism and techniques of many criminal organizations and the law agencies that pursue them will require these agencies to catch-up to the advances of these criminals in the next decades. And, of course, this catch-up will depend heavily upon advances in criminal theory and analysis. Crimes of the powerful are not exclusively concerned with illegal activities of the above description, but also with crimes committed by corporations, by governments, by dictators and even, in an interesting new perspective, by patriarchal gender structures that sanction crimes of power against women. The attention of law agencies and legislators upon these crimes has led to a mass of new analysis and theory by criminologists on the nature of such crimes. Likewise, several theories compete to describe the causes of organized crime and crimes of the powerful. One such theory points to social change as the most profound catalyst in the spread of organized crime and the detection of organized crime. This theory assimilates the teachings of sociology, psychology, anthropology and history to produce a detailed sociological critique of these causes. In the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, many acts committed by the powerful that would today be classified as criminal were then merely pse udo-illegal or socially disapproved of; they carried no specific criminal offence. But social and legislative advances have made the prosecution of crimes of the powerful easier enact. out. For instance, the prosecution of corporate crime is, theoretically at least, far easier to identify and prosecute than it was in the early twentieth century. Moreover, greater media exposure of the life of corporations and governments has magnified their crimes whenever they are committed. A moment of this essay might be given to discuss exactly what is meant by the phrase crimes of the powerful. Indeed, a person unfamiliar with the literature of criminology might be forgiven for regarding the term as somewhat amorphous and nebulous: he might argue that nearly any criminal phenomenon could be termed a crime of the powerful. The dictionary defines a crime as an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare. An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin; esp. of grave character (Oxford, 1989). It is difficult to see how the word power could not be inserted into any part of this definition and for it still to make sense. There is therefore in the pure black letter interpretation of the law a huge shaded area that allows for misinterpretation of the term crime of power. Can, for instance, a crime of the powerful be a physical act? Or must it the top levels of an organization? Moreover, the use of the word crime is itself ambiguous. The trafficking of drugs or children is clearly illegal and criminal according to the principles of law; but we also speak of corporate crimes against the public withholding medicines from the dying, adulterating foods etc., as crimes even though they have no explicit recognition as such in law. There is then a near infinite possible extension of the word crime when one uses the word in the sense of something that ought to be illegal rather than something that is presently illegal. In Smiths words: If a crime is to be understood simply as law violation, then no matter how immoral, reprehensible, damaging or dangerous an act is, it is not a crime unless it is made such by the authorities of the state. There is moreover often the paradoxical situation where a government that commits crimes of power against its people can only be legally recognized as doing such if it passes legislation against itself. That is: their This is obviously extremely unlikely to happen and so many such crimes go unnoticed. It is often directly against the interests of certain groups or interests to recognize the existence of certain crimes because then have to recognize theory legal existence also. Recently however, one growth of criminal analysis of the powerful has come from greater international laws that allow for the international legal recognition of crimes committed by dictators or despots when they would never do this themselves. For instance, Saddam Hussein is near universally thought to have committed crimes of power against his people; such things were never legally recognized as crimes as such until a body such as the United Nations had the international authority to declare the illegal action s of heads of states. Sociologists and psychologists amongst other groups (Chesterton, 1997) have argued that the moral, sociological and psychological aspects of crimes of the powerful should be recognized by criminologists to a far greater extent. By using approaches such as these criminologists can add the activities of environmental pollution, insider trading, and tax evasion to the public consciousness of what constitute crimes of the powerful. In Sellins (2003) words if the study of crime is to attain an objective and scientific status, it should not allow itself to be restricted to the terms and boundaries of enquiry established by legislators and politicians . According to scholars authors like Chesterton and Dupont the intense interest in by criminologists in the analysis and prevention of crimes of the powerful is due to the massive growth and myriad new forms of these crimes. Perhaps the most powerful criminals whose crimes are explicitly illegal are international drug trafficking organizations. In 2004, according to Smith (Smith, 2004) Â £550 billion of cocaine and other illegal substances were transported illegally internationally. This trade is therefore lager than the GDP of many African and other third-world countries. Faced with this massive business and with its catastrophic social consequences traditional law agencies and their democratic legislators have had to radically alter the way they investigate and prosecute these crimes. The extreme complexity and ingenuity of international drug cartels have meant that governments have had to build equally complex systems of criminological analysis and technique to limit these crimes. Complex intelligence agencies like the MI5 and MI6 in England and the CIA and FBI in the United States now have innumerable specialist intelligence groups of scientists, field-officers and so on investigating the criminal nature and consequences of organized crime such as drug trafficking, the shipping of illegal weapons and so on. Perhaps the only organizations on earth with greater power than the above organized crime syndicates are the international corporations of Western countries like Britain, America and so on. Many critics of these organizations (Chomsky, 2003) allege that the secret crimes of these corporations exceed even those of the drug barons. For instance, everyone will be familiar with the recent scandals of Enron, Anderson and Paramalat where billions of pounds were swindled by these massive companies. This white-collar crime was half a century ago hardly investigated and such crimes went essentially unnoticed. But greater public consciousness of the activities of these companies through the media has theoretically at least imposed a greater accountability and potential punishment for companies who exploit either their shareholders or their customers. This increased interest in corporate crime has led in turn to the need for a vast number of criminologists to produce theories to explain the cau ses of such crimes and then strategies for their prevention. A further consequence of the media revolution of the past century and the changed social assumptions of our society has meant that the crimes of governments as crimes of power are now open to far greater than public and professional scrutiny and analysis than they ever have been before. Twenty-four hour television and instant access to news stories and the daily events of our political life have meant that the public can therefore criticise the crimes of their governments with greater ease than before. For instance, the vociferous protests in 2003 by citizens of Western democracies against the invasion of Iraq were due to the belief of those citizens that their governments had acted illegally and criminally in invading that country. Traditionally, such crimes do not fall into the sphere of criminology because of the numerous problems identified in the definition paragraph of this essay. However, criminologists, at least theoretically, and urged by famous opponents of the war like Noa m Chomsky and Michael Moore, are coming to analyze and investigate the issues and theoretical difficulties of holding entire governments to account for committing crimes of power. Many of the principles used by criminologists to analyze the techniques and structures of organized crime yndicates are being suggested to be transferred to an analysis of the crimes of government. The analysis of government crime may prove to be one of the most fruitful of the coming decades for criminologists. In this essay then, the term crimes of the powerful refers to such crimes as are carried out by organized criminal gangs (either national or international), by corporations, by governments, by powerful individuals such as corrupt magnates, businessmen and so on. Such crimes might include: corporate fraud, corporate mal-practise, illegal narcotics or arms; high-tech crimes such as computer fraud. It is necessary for the student of criminology to know something of the state criminal affairs at the end of the 19th century if he is to find a clear answer for the growth of analysis of crimes of the powerful in the twentieth century. One strong reason why analysis of such crimes was less in say 1900 was that many organized crimes did not exist at all. For instance, the use of narcotics like opium and heroin were widespread amongst all levels of society but legal also; the trade of these drugs were controlled by legally registered companies and there existed no illegal market for their production or importation. Accordingly, since these acts were no understood as crimes, British police did not need to analyse the behaviour or causes of these. Moreover, the size of the police force as well as its technical and theoretical know-how were far smaller than they are today in Britain, America, France and so on. Similarly, whilst many companies exploited the Victorian workforce, none did s o in the systematic and pre-determined fashion that is characteristic of Anderson, Enron or Parmalat in the past ten years. Other crimes of the powerful like high-tech computer fraud obviously required no analysis or theory of criminology since they did not exist at all. Similarly, The In James Smiths (Smith, 1999, p44) memorable phrase At the dawn of the twenty-first century the Western world faces a plethora of organised criminality of the like that it has never known before. From the mass trafficking of illegal narcotics, to whole-scale prostitution, to high-tech computer fraud, to corporate offences on a giant scale, the police forces and criminal prevention agencies of the new century will meet challenges as they have never glimpsed in the past. And, a little further on, They will no longer compete against petty or isolated crimes of individuals, but against the sophisticated and organized attempts to make vast fortunes by systematically breaking the law. In this contest between law officer and criminal former is now far behind; it remains to be seen whether he will catch-up in the near decades (Smith, 1999, p44). Another area of rapid growth in crimes of the powerful has been the feminist critique of domestic violence committed against women by dominant males. Feminists of the last few decades have argued cogently that the term crimes of the powerful should include also these domestic abuses because of the patriarchal structures within our society that promote such abuses. The explosion of such feminist critiques flows from the fact that before this century there was no feminism as such, and domestic abuse was either not considered a crime or it was publicly invisible or ignored. The changing social philosophies such as liberalism and attitudes of the twentieth century gave birth to a greater consciousness for women and therefore greater demands for them for social and legal equality. This, in the 1960s and 1970s, leading feminists like Germane Greer campaigned for recognition of the domination of women by societal institutions and conventions that are massively weighted in favour of men. Fem inists scholars and theorists argue that the vast majority of these structures and the crimes they inflict upon women are unreported; marital rape is the most frequent abuse, and nearly 80% of women in this predicament are abused repeatedly (Painter, 1991). A whole host of crimes commited by men supported by social institutions go unreported and unprosecuted. Some feminists therefore describe a fundamental imbalance in the power structures of Western society, and that agencies and organizations should be set up to combat and prevent this crime. In S. Griffins words: Men in our culture are taught and encouraged to rape women as the symbolic expression of male power (Griffin, 1971) and Brownmiller says eloquently that rapists are the shock troops of patriarchy, necessary for male domination. Some men may not rape, but only because their power over women is already secured by the rapists who have done their work for them (Brownmiller, 1976). This feminine critique therefore demands a c onsiderable extension of the definition of the term crimes of the powerful to include all those thousands of incidents of unseen violence issued from an entire gender that has power over another. In this sense, arguably feminists have uncovered the crime of the powerful of all. According to feminists, the truths of this oppression has been recognised partially by criminological theorists by the tides of social legislation that have been passed in recent years to protect women from domestic violence. Nonetheless, say that criminologists yet lack a complete or detailed analytical theory of such violence; this itself being reflected by the dominance in criminology of males. In the final analysis, the growth of the analysis of crimes of the powerful may be attributed principally to the growth of the number and types of such crimes and the subsequent need to investigate and prevent them. Some crimes of the powerful such as drug trafficking are nearly entirely new to our age, and criminologists have had to develop wholly new theories and techniques to combat it. On the other hand, entirely new academic critiques like those of feminism, sociology and psychology have identified and produced theories to describe invisible crimes of power against groups who before the last century had to suffer in silence. Criminologists too have had to swallow these theories and then learn methods and techniques to apply them to our modern world. Similarly, the rise of mass media and the extension of democratic institutions have enabled citizens with far better information about the behaviour of their corporations and governments; this awareness has in turn led to a conscious ness of the similarity of nature between illegal crimes like drug-smuggling and corporate crimes like deliberately withholding medicines from the sick or the invasion of a foreign country. These new fields of investigation have given the criminologist much to think about. The student of criminology should not forget either that the subject he studies had itself evolved over the last century to become a highly professional and international and therefore capable of greater levels and specializations in analysis than it could ever have been before. BIBLIOGRAPHY Academic Books, Journals Articles Brownmiller, S (1976). Against our Will: Men, Women and Rape. James Press, London. Chesterton, B. (1997). Criminology and Social Science. Blackthorn, Edinburgh. Dupont, D. (2000). Foucault against Foucault: Rereading the Governmentality Papers, Theoretical Criminology, No. 3, May 2000, (with). Foucault, Governmentality, Marx. (1998). Journal of Social and Legal Studies, 7:4, December 1998 (with S. Tombs). Hazards, Law and Class, Social and Legal Studies, Vol. 6, No.1, March 1997. Painter, K. (1991)Rape, Marriage and the Law. Bold Books, Exeter. Shover, N. (2001). Capitalist Business Organizations in White Collar Crime. Oxford Press, Oxford. Smith, J. (1999). Criminology for the Twenty-First Century: A Readers Guide.. Devillier Press, New Jersey. Snider, L. (1995). Corporate Crime: Contemporary Debates. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Snider, L. (1992). Crimes of the Powerful special issue of The Journal of Human Justice, Vol. 3, No.2, Spring. Steve Tombs and Dave Whyte (Editors). (2003) Unmasking the Crimes of the Powerful: Scrutinizing States and Corporations. Peter Lang, New York Summer, C. (ed) (2003). Blackwell Companion to Criminology. Oxford, Blackwell. The Oxford English Dictionary. (1989) (2nd Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. Valverde, M. (1996). Conflict, Contradiction and Governance, special issue of Economy and Society, Vol. 25, No.3, (Autumn). West, G Morris, R (eds.) (2000). Regulating Toxic Capitalism in The Case for Penal Abolition. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto Woodiwiss, M. (1993). Global Crime Connections. Macmillan, London.

Are the consequences of global warming worse for Africa than for the Arctic?

The consequences of global warming on Africa are worse than on the Arctic. Africa is already among the poorest continents in the world. Out of 55 countries, two-thirds of these countries are among the poorest 50 countries in 2007. Many African countries already have outstanding debt which needs to be cleared so that the countries can come out of poverty. Africa’s average income per capita was $0.72. Also, 34% of the population aged 15-24 is illiterate. This shows that further drawbacks due to the impacts from global warming would be critical.As scarcity increases, the dependence on poor quality sources also increases. This leads to increased water-borne diseases such as cholera. Consequently, this puts increased pressure on health care systems which then decrease government budgets. Global warming affects Africa worse because Africa is a continent which desperately needs money to clear debt and for development.The impact of global warming on Africa is more physical and human. Africa contains about 20% of all known species of plants, mammals and birds, as well as 17% of amphibians and reptiles. There is much more at risk compared to the effects of global warming on the Arctic. As global warming increases, fragile habitats may not survive and between 20-50% of species in Africa could face extinction.On the other hand, the impacts of global warming on the Arctic are much less serious. For example, due to global warming, ice caps melt and the ice bergs impose a potential threat to the ships that cross the Atlantic and Pacific ocean. When comparing this to a potential impact in Africa such as the increased risk to flooding which now occurs in areas that were previously not at risk, the effects are much more severe.When analysing the positive and negative impacts on both regions, it is clear that Africa has very few positive impacts from global warming. In the Arctic, reduced ice cover can lead to discovery of new sites for resources such as oil. This can bene fit the region economically, providing jobs and  income. There will be new areas for trees to grow which could decrease carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Also, new industries can move in and new shipping routes may be available.Moreover, the population of Africa is 1.033 billion (2011) compared to the population of 4 million in the Arctic. The impacts of global warming would be far greater widespread in Africa, effecting many of them as they are vulnerable due to existing poverty. One negative impact on Arctic is that it will alter the lifestyle of the native people. Although this is bad, it is insignificant compared to the effects on Africa.Also, the impact of global warming on the Arctic could be felt all over the world as sea levels would rise causing flooding. I believe that this is still out-weighed by the impacts on Africa as one of the few ways in which African countries can reduce their debt burden is through the production of cash crops (the crops sold for income r ather than to supply themselves with food). As a result, forest clearance has taken place in order to allow commercial farming.Impacts of global warming such as drought in Africa would expose soil to erosion by wind. This will put increased pressure on existing land to grow crops which is likely to cause desertification. Famine and malnutrition is likely to increase, placing Africa’s food security under threat. African farmers are trapped into poverty because they are dependent on successful crop harvests. Crops can be heavily influenced by the impacts from global warming. Therefore, people cannot feed themselves or make money and will be trapped in poverty as they cannot reduce the effects of climate change themselves.In conclusion, the future of Africa is heavily dependent on climate change. They do not have the wealth to use adaptation policies to reduce the impact of global warming such as protection against flooding and coastal erosion. The Arctic region itself will have negative impacts but there will also be positive impacts which make the situation less serious.

Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc.

Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Inhoud Introduction. 3 Analysis. 3 The Market. 3 Competitors. 4 Customer behaviour. 4 Marketing Mix 4ps. 5 Product. 5 Place. 5 Price. 5 Promotion. 5 Recommendation. 6 Target Market. 6 Product Line and Positioning. 6 Marketing. 6 Advertisements and Promotion. 6 Pricing. 7 Introduction The history of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is very complex, but all started when Jean Jacob Schweppe invented the world’s very first carbonated mineral water in 1783.A young pharmacist, Charles Alderton from Waco, Texas made Dr Pepper in 1885. It was only sold in the pharmacy where Alderton worked. In 1970 in the New York -region health food store owners invented a new apple soda, Snapple. The Unadulterated Food Corporation owned Snapple and later it becomes Snapple Beverage Corp. Within the years companies were growing and ownerships have been changed and Dr Pepper Snapple Grou p Inc. has formed from different beverage companies. Today Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is one of the most known and largest non-alcoholic beverage producers in the U.S. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is in both the flavoured carbonated and the non-carbonated soft drink businesses. The most known brands are Dr Pepper, 7UP, A&W and Canada Dry. In 2007 Dr Pepper Snapple had an 18, 8 % share of the U. S. carbonated soft drink market segment. Dr Pepper Snapple was the only big non-alcoholic beverage company without its own energy drink in 2008. Basically Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. was struggling with a problem whether it should produce its own energy beverage or not.The main issue was would the launch of a new energy beverage be profitable and a wise investment for the future? Moreover, how can the new energy drink compete with other huge brands? There are several difficulties and elements to evaluate before entering the energy beverage market, such as the market itself, competitors, co nsumer behaviour and marketing. Analysis The Market The energy beverage market is one of the fastest growing and most innovative segments of the current beverage market. Red Bull, Monster Energy, Rockstar and hundreds of similar positioned brands had estimated sales of 6. billion dollars in 2006. From 2001 till 2006 the annual growth rate of the energy beverage market was 42. 5%. However, analysts are now projecting an average annual growth rate of 10. 5% from 2007 till 2010. This, we conclude, is due to market maturity, increased price and increased competition. In addition, one should also note that consumers in this market only choose up to 1. 4 different brands, which tells us the market is very loyal to existing brands. If a brand can build and maintain a sufficient customer base, they will benefit from loyal recurring buyers.The difficult part however is getting these loyal customers. Due to the above mentioned conditions, we find it a viable statement to describe the energy b everage market as profitable but tough. The market can be segmented through three main attributes; demographic, geographic and psychographic. As for demographic, the most profitable customers are male between the age of 12 and 34. However, we can’t say anything towards the income level, race and ethnicity of the consumers due to lack of information. We further believe that energy beverages are mostly onsumed in urban and suburban areas. If we in turn look at regions, we can state that the main consumption of energy beverages takes place along the west and east coast of the US. Psychographic segmentation shows us that the main parts of the market, the greatest consumers of energy beverages, are gamers, students and athletes. These groups of people look for an energy boost, to improve mental alertness, as refreshment and for the taste. Competitors The main competitor in the energy beverage market is Red Bull.The brand was introduced in 1997 and was the pioneer of its time. Red Bull has a high brand awareness due to its massive advertising efforts. For example: Red Bull Stratos  was a  space diving  project involving  Austrian  skydiver  Felix Baumgartner. Baumgartner broke the  sound barrier  on his descent,  thus becoming the first human to do so without any form of engine power. Eight million people viewed the Red Bull Stratos project live and hundreds of millions of people heard about it via every kind of media creating a massive publicity flow towards Red Bull.Currently Red Bull is the market leader, however, due to high prices and the increased competition Red Bull is losing market share and sales. Hansen Natural Corporation (HNC) is another strong competitor. They produce and manufacture a wide variety of non-alcoholic beverages in the U. S. However they are known for their energy drink: Monster, which we see as one of the most promising new energy drink brands. Recently HNC have benefited from distribution agreements. For example: Anheuser-Busch wholesalers distributed the brand to retailers in different territories in the US in 2007.They also distribute to on-premise retailers. This includes bars, nightclubs and restaurants in territories selected by Hansen Natural Cooperation. Furthermore, Monster Energy focuses on a specific age group. They focus on gamers, Extreme Sports enthusiasts and the hip-hip crowd. This enables them a huge market, mostly with the gaming community. The last prominent competitor is Rockstar Inc. Rockstar was introduced in 2001 and is distributed by the Coca-Cola Company. Rockstar, alike Monster, focuses its efforts on the gaming and extreme sports community.As of 2008 Rockstar holds a 14% market share in the US and thus, it must be considered to be a competitor. Customer behaviour The heavy user of energy beverages can be described as male between the ages of 12 and 34. According to statistics, the average American would consume about 4. 32 litre of energy drink a month. The beverag es are primarily consumed in the late afternoon and early in the morning. Most frequently, consumption takes place at home, in the car and at work/school. We can also state that convenience stores and supermarkets are the most dominant off-premises retail channel for energy beverages.The major reasons for the use of energy beverages are the need of an energy boost, for improving mental alertness, as refreshment and for taste. As previously stated, customers are loyal towards their brand though we still believe people will be willing to try a new product if it seems interesting and appealing enough. If the potential buyer is then satisfied with the product, through for example interesting brand, product fits their needs, is user-friendly and easy to access, loyal customers can be attained. Marketing Mix – The 4Ps ProductThe product is an energy drink which tastes good and gives a boost and refreshment to its users. The main ingredients which give the boost and taste are caffei ne, guarana and taurine. Probably stevia could be used as a sweetener; because it differs from competitors sweeteners. The product should be suitable for men who are 12-34 years old. The package should be convenient, for example a bottle with a screw cap since no other brand has such packaging. Also the size of the package is very important, since the 8. 3-ounze is the most popular but 16-ounze size represents 50 % sales in convenience stores.Place Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. bottling and distribution system supplies both off-premise and on- premise retailers, but off-premise retailers are more potential and efficient to the new energy beverage. Off-premise retailers contain massive part of the whole energy beverage sales. Price 2, 00$ per single-serve package is the normal retail price in the energy beverage industry regardless of package size. Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential.Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does, but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can still reach potential customers. Recommendation Target Market When Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. decides to introduce a new energy beverage on the market we recommend them to focus on male consumers between the age of 12 and 34. These consumers are, according to the statistics, the most profitable. They consume about 4. 32 litres of energy drink a month.The main consumers in this target market would be gamers, students and athletes. Furthermore, we recommend that Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. should focus on consumers that consume their energy beverage at home. We believe it is now very difficult to get a stronghold in on-premises as they are very loyal towards Red Bull and Monster energy drinks and therefore advise to focus on off-premises for selling the energy beverage. Product Line and Po sitioning When it comes down to the product line of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. nergy beverages, we recommend they should firstly offer one flavour of energy beverage. This flavour can come both in a regular and sugar-free version. Furthermore, we recommend they should introduce a single-serve aluminium bottle shape with a resealable screw cap. By introducing this bottle we believe Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. can diversify from its competitors as they all have aluminium cans that upon opening can’t be closed. Furthermore, these bottles should be offered as a single serve to the consumers and with a 8-ounce content.We recommend that the brand should firstly get a stronghold onto the energy beverage market before offering multipacks and maybe even bigger sized bottles to its consumers. This also includes for introducing different kinds of energy beverages. These can be introduced onto the market when they have a build a strong and loyal brand. The current brands offer its con sumers â€Å"Energy† and â€Å"Mental Alertness† as benefits for drinking their energy beverages. As a competitive advantage Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. could offer an increased amount of caffeine, herbs and B vitamins per 8-ounce servings.Marketing Advertisements and Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, an introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential. Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can reach the potential customers. We recommend the use of social media like Facebook and Twitter. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. has a free way to communicate with their potential consumers via social media.They have the opportunity to start contest and create a loyal group of followers. Furthermore, we recommend Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. to sponsor events to gain higher bran d recognition. Moreover, the bottle is an interesting way of getting the attention by having contest if they buy the bottle they can win tickets to a certain event which they could sponsor. Pricing When it comes down to pricing we recommend to be in the $2. 00 range. This price is offered by most of its competitors and is a price consumers are willing to pay for an energy beverage.However, we also think there is a possibility to have discounts or: â€Å"buy three bottles get one free† pricing to get the attention of the consumer. We also recommend tosee if an agreement can be made with large retailers such as Walmart to offer value packs at lower prices, this of course when the brand is settled in the market. In the end we believe that if Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. follows these recommendations here above they have will have an energy beverage that can compete in the current energy beverage market and be one of the main competitors due to its diversified product- and price offering.References Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 2 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 3 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2. [ 4 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2.

The Importance Of Inclusion In Education - 1530 Words

In education, the word inclusion means students with and without disabilities are taught in the same classroom setting. Many sources such as speech physical therapy, or assistive technology are provided in the classroom so the student or students are not pulled out of the classroom. (Murawski, n.d.)Some may say it is distracting to the other students or seem unfair that they are getting special attention. However, being in an inclusion class is beneficial to both students with disabilities and to students without disabilities. The purpose of inclusion is to make a comfortable school setting. Inclusion brings two separate groups together as one. Most of the time music, art, and physical education are were inclusion primarily takes place,†¦show more content†¦Another benefit is general education students learn to support others. General education students become more familiar with other student’s disabilities (â€Å"Rationale for Benefits of Inclusion, 2004). When students support other students the classroom atmosphere changes, it becomes very communal. As the school year progresses students can then help their special needs classmates and not seem them as someone with a disability. A third benefit of being in an inclusion classroom is students learn to accept differences. Can help the regular education students understand individual differences, the need for others, and begin to understand and deal with disability in their own lives (Salend, 2001). Integrated special needs students with general education show students that differences are part of everyone’s world. Finally, another benefit for students that do not have disabilities is they gain in positive academic benefits. General education students can develop skills necessary for their adult lives. Some skills that students can gain include leadership, help teach others, and tutoring. Students can step into the role of a teacher to help assist classmates with disabilities. Being able to help out will provide the student with improved self- esteem. As some may know it sometimes hard for aShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Inclusion In Education721 Words   |  3 PagesInclusion In a perfect world, everyone would be accepted just because we are all human beings, but, that is not the case. Children with special needs have been subjected to everything from separate classes and schools to institutions and facilities for years. With the passing of laws children with special needs were taken into consideration and the need for inclusion was brought forth. Inclusion is when all students learn, participate, and contribute to all aspects of the learning process. What isRead MoreThe Importance Of Inclusion For Special Education1154 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Idol (2006) (p.77), â€Å"inclusion is when a student with special learning and/or behavioral needs is educated full time in the general education program. 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This prepares the studentsRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 Pageslife; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour; convictions, effecting social ties and job opportunities * Health status; effect social ties, education, job opportunities * Personal choice; effect social ties, education, job opportunitiesRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of structuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom . 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The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of studentsRead MoreEducation For Students With Disabilities803 Words   |  4 Pagesagree that education for students with disabilities has improved greatly. Students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms have shown an increasing number of academic gains in a number of areas, including better test scores, completing IEP goals, grades, behavior and inspiration to learn. Placement in an inclusive classroom does not disrupt the academic performance of students without disabilities; it actually enhances students performances in and outside of the classroom. Inclusion helps studentsRead MoreInclusion For Special Needs Students Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesThere are a need and an active pursuance in including culturally sensitive curriculum in today’s classroom. 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